Application of NMR spectroscopy

IN THIS ARTICLE I DISCUSS ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF NMR SPECTROSCOPY.

NMR – Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is a branch of spectroscopy that deals with the phenomenon found in assemblies of large number of nuclei of atoms that possess both “magnetic moments” and “angular momentum” is subjected to external magnetic field.
Resonance – Implies that we are in tune with a natural frequency of the nuclear magnetic system in the magnetic field.
Nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR as it is abbreviated by scientists, is a phenomenon which occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are immersed in a static magnetic field and exposed to an oscillating electromagnetic field. Some nuclei experience this phenomenon, and others do not, dependent upon whether they possess a property called spin.

There are followin application of NMR

Application biology

NMR is used in biology to study the biofluids, cells, per fused organs and biomacromolecules such as nucleic acid , corbohydrates, protein and peptides.And also labeling study in biochemistry. NMR simplifies the analysis of more complex or ambiguous cases such as proteins.Protein 3D structure and function study at atomic resolution can be solved BY NMR.

Use of NMR in physics and chemistry

NMR is used in physics and physical chemistry to study high pressure diffusion, liquid crystal solutions, membrane, rigid solids . NMR is used in chemisry

Determine the enantiomeric purity
Macromolecule-- ligand intraction
Elucidate chemical structure of organic and inorganic compounds.
Used to locate the position of atoms within a molecule.
Most useful technique in organic chemistry
Maps carbon -hydrogen frame work of molecule

NMR IN PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

It is used to study about pharmaceutical and drug metabolism.
Leading technology for 3-D structure determination of bio-macromolecules
Studying protein structure
SAR by NMR – Novel lead compounds
Chemical shift mapping – Structural information on the binding modes and site position
Molecular dynamics, conformational analysis
Identifying gene products in disease
Targets of drug design

NMR structure of NMP-13 COMPLEXED TO LIGAND

APPLICATIONS OF NMR IN MEDICINE

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF PROTON IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS

BRAIN

MRI
Distinguishing gray matter & white matter
Imaging posterior fossae, brain stem, spinal cord
Detect demyelinating lesions, tumors, hemorrhages, infarctions

MRI IMAGES OF HUMAN BRAIN

ABDOMEN

o Metabolic liver disease

o Measures liver iron over load in hemochromatosis

o Focal areas of inflammation in chronic active hepatisis

KIDNEYS

oDistinguishing renal cortex & medulla

oTo evaluate transplanted kidney

PELVIS

Differentiates between Benign prostatic hyperplasia & prostatic carcinoma
Detects bladder tumour

MEDIASTINUM, HILUM, LUNG

o Assessing abnormalitieS

o Respiratory gating

HEART

o Tomographic images of heart muscle, chambers, valvular structures

ECHO-PLANAR TECHNIQUE

Discrimination between infarcted, ischemic & normal myocardiuum

BREAST

3D-NMR & single-slice planar imaging in detecting breast abnormalities

MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM

Demonstrates Osteo myelitis, tumor metastasis in vertebral bodies & pelvic bones

Images of muscles, tendons, ligaments

BLOOD VESSELS & FLOW

Ø Atherosclerotic vascular disease

Ø Assess blood flow in major vessels.

INVIVO SPECTROSCOPY

Chemical shift phenomenon

Diagnosis of rare disease to inborn errors-

PUTTING NMR IMAGING INTO PERSPECTIVE

Eliminates risk of x-radiation

Excellent spatial & contrast resolution

Detecting diseases at earlier stage

Structural (chemical) elucidation

NMR is used in both Natural product chemistry Synthetic organic chemistry

Analytical tool of choice of synthetic chemist

Used in conjunction with MS and IR

Taxol

2.

Laboratory NMR is commonly used in the petroleum industry to evaluate rock cores and to develop petrophysical relations between NMR parameters and parameters of interest for petroleum exploration.