Organic compounds their history and properties

 

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Define organic compounds

            Organic chemistry is the part of the science that spotlights the properties and responses of mixtures that contain carbon and hydrogen atom.  A couple of carbon-containing compounds that are not named organic include carbides, carbonates, and cyanides.

              The compounds of carbon and hydrogen and their derivates are known as organic compounds.

History of organic compounds

            In the eighteenth and mid-nineteenth hundreds of years, it was accepted that organic mixtures must be gotten from living creatures. It was because of an imperative power that was only present in all living creatures that prompted the preparation of organic molecules. Due to this concept, the formation method of inorganic and organic compounds is considered totally different.  Inorganic compounds can easily be prepared in the laboratory but organic compounds can only be prepared from living things.

Vital force theory

            All living things on earth are shaped generally of carbon compounds. The predominance of carbon compounds in living things has prompted the appellation "carbon-based" life. In all actuality, we are aware of no other sort of life. Early scientific experts respected substances segregated naturally (plants and creatures) as an alternate kind of compound that couldn't be synthesized artificially, and these substances were hence known as organic molecules. The boundless conviction called vitalism held that organic molecules were obtained by power present just in living entities.

Rejection of vital force theory

            Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882), we're liable for the development of new science in the mid-nineteenth century. Their quantitative scientific techniques set up the constitution of recently disconnected and combined carbon compounds. Both were best educators who set up lab function as the essential model for a different type of reactions, teaching deferent students, who came from everywhere Europe and America.

            The German physicist Friedrich Wöhler was one of the early scientists to discredit this part of vitalism, when, in 1828, he detailed the combination of urea, a segment of many-body liquids, from nonliving materials. it has been perceived that organic molecules follow similar normal laws as inorganic substances. Some organic compounds are naturally occurring and some compounds are prepared in the laboratory. He prepared urea (a compound present in mammal's urine) from ammonium cyanate in the laboratory.

formation of urea

   Properties of organic compounds

          Organic compounds have the following properties.

Covalent nature of organic compounds

          Organic compounds are non-ionic compounds, only a covalent bond is present in the molecules.

                                  Rates of reaction

          The organic compounds have a covalent bond, so these reactions are slow reactions and the yield of these reactions is also very less.

Peculiar nature of carbon atom

          Carbon has the unique property of self-linking; this property is known as catenation. Due to this property carbon make millions of organic compounds. The carbon atom is the only atom that has the ability of catenation (property to make long chains with it), which is very interesting in light of the fact that no one element has this property. Carbon is able to make single, double, and triple bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. It is also able to form millions of compounds of different shapes, structures, and sizes.

catenation

                       Complex nature of organic compounds

          Organic compounds have complex nature. Protein, nucleic acid and starch, polymers, and many compounds like this have very complex structures their molecular masses ranging from a few hundred to millions.

                                         Solubility

          Most of the organic compounds have non-polar nature, so they are not dissolved in water. Most of the organic compounds dissolve in organic solvents.

                                           Isomerism

          Most of the organic compounds have a property of isomerism; the compounds have the same molecular formula and different structural formulas.

 

isomerism