CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP

 

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTION

Functional group

         FGs are special groupings of different atoms inside other molecules that have their own trademark properties. These groups make one complete homologous series of compounds. Each homologous series have its own properties and characteristics due to the presence of the special functional group.

            A similar Fgs gathering will act along in the same way; give same reactions, paying very little attention to the compound in which it is present. Functional groups play an important role in the nomenclature of organic compounds. Every homologous series has its special name due to the presence of specific functional groups.

            Organic science is overwhelmed by the "functional gathering approach". A latent hydrocarbon skeleton onto which practical gatherings (FGs) are connected or superimposed.

1.      Alkane

Functional group;   CH₃-CH₃

Name ending;   -ane

Examples: Methane,  Ethane

ethane and methane

                                                           

2.  Alkene

Functional group:-         CH₂=CH₂

Name ending:      -ene

Examples; Ethene, propene

                                   

ethene and propene

                           

3.    Alkyne

Functional group:                                                                                 

Name ending:      -yne

Examples; Ethyne, Propyne

                                       

ethyne and propyne

4.    Alkyl halide

Functional group:     R-X ( x= Cl, Br, Fl, I)

Name ending: halide or haloalkane

Examples; Chloromethane

                                                                

chloromethane

                   

5.   Alcohol

Functional group:  -OH

Name ending:    -ol

Examples; Ethanol, Methanol

                                                           

methanol and ethanol

                 

6.    Aldehyde

Functional group: 

 

Name ending:    -al

 Examples; Methanal

methanal

                                                                

7.  Ketone

Functional group:   

Name ending:    one

Examples; Propanone

propanone

                                                                                    

8.    Carboxylic acid

Functional group:    

Name ending:    -oic acid or -ic acid

Examples; ethanoic acid or acetic acid

 

                                                                 

acetic acid

9.    Ether

Functional group:     

Name ending: alkoxy alkane

Examples; Methoxyethane

 

methoxymethane

10.                       Ester   

Functional group:      

Name ending: Alkyl alkanoate

Examples; Methyl propionate

 

ester

                                      

11.                     Amines

Functional group:  -NH₂ 

Name ending:   amine

Examples: Methylamine or methenamine

 

                          

amine

                                                        

12.                       Amide

Functional group:    

Name ending:  amide

Examples; acetamide

acetamide

                                            

13.                       Nitrile

 Functional group:   

Name ending:    nitriles/cyanides

Examples; Acetonitrile

 

 

acetonitrile

                                                                     

14.                       Amino acid

Functional group: 

Name ending:    

Examples; 2-aminopropanoic acid

                                                                          

amino acid

15.                       Thiol

Functional group:    -SH

Name ending:    Thiol

Examples; methanethiol

thiol

16.                  Phenols

Functional group:  

  

Name ending:    -ol

Examples; Phenol

phenol

18.                       Aryl halide

Functional group:    

Name ending:  halobenzene 

Examples; chlorobenzene

                                          

chlorobenzene

         

19.                       Nitro compounds

Functional group:  -NO₂ 

Name ending:   

Examples; Nitrobenzene

                                                             

nitrobenzene